Publications

National Reports

ICPS Canada National Reports

View the 2023 ICPS national report for Canada with data from 2018-2022. Reports for previous years are also available.

ICPS United States National Reports

View the 2022 ICPS national report for the United States with data from 2018-2021.

ICPS Australia National Reports

View the 2022 ICPS national report for the Australia with data from 2018-2021.

ICPS Canada Illicit Cannabis Market Report

A 2021 report on factors associated with illicit cannabis purchases in Canada after ‘recreational’ cannabis legalization.

In Press

Cannabidiol-only product use in Pregnancy in the United States and Canada: Findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study.

Bhatia D, Sakai J, Reddy S, Mikulich S, Hammond D.
Obstetrics & Gynecology 2024; In press.

2024

Adverse outcomes of cannabis use in Canada, before and after legalization of non-medical cannabis: cross-sectional analysis of the international cannabis policy study.

Marquette A, Iraniparast M, Hammond D.
British Medical Journal Open 2024; 14(1):e077908.

Fataar F, Driezen P, Owusu-Bempah A, Hammond D.
Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 2024; Jan 8: 1-20. [Epub ahead of print]

Distribution of legal retail cannabis stores in Canada by neighbourhood deprivation.

Fataar F, Driezen P, Owusu-Bempah A, Hammond D.
Journal of Cannabis Research 2024; 6(1):5.

2023

Social norms for cannabis use following non-medical legalization in Canada.

Winfield-Ward L, Hammond D.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023; S0749-3797(23)00513-5.

Use of flavored cannabis vaping products in the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand: Findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study Wave 4 (2021).

D’Mello K, Chan GCK, Hall W, Rychert M, Wilkins C, Hammond D.
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49(5): 640-651.

Patterns of problematic cannabis use in Canada pre- and post-legalisation: Differences by neighbourhood deprivation, individual socioeconomic factors and race/ethnicity.

Fataar F, Driezen P, Owusu-Bempah A, Hammond D.
Drug and Alcohol Review 2023; 42(6):1534-1546.

Co-use of cannabis and alcohol before and after Canada legalized non-medical cannabis: a repeat cross-sectional study.

Hobin EP, Weerasinghe A, Boniface S, Englund A, Wadsworth E, Hammond D.
Journal of Psychopharmacology 2023; 37(5):462.

Legal sourcing of ten cannabis products in the Canadian cannabis market, 2019-2021: A repeat cross-sectional study.

Wadsworth E, Rynard V, Driezen P, Freeman TP, Rychert M, Wilkins C, Hall W, Gabrys R, Hammond D.
Harm Reduction Journal 2023; 20(1): 19.

Co-use, Simultaneous Use, and Mixing of Cannabis and Tobacco: A Cross-National Comparison of Canada and the US by Cannabis Administration Type.

Chu A, Chaiton M, Kaufman P, Goodwin R, Lin J, Hindocha C, Goodman S, Hammond D.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023; 20(5): 4206.

Proximity to legal cannabis stores in Canada and use of cannabis sources in the first three years of legalization, 2019-2021.

Wadsworth E, Driezen P, Dilley JA, Gabrys R, Jesseman R, Hammond D.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2023; 84(6):852-862.

Self-reported THC content and associations with perceptions of feeling high among cannabis consumers.

Lineham J, Wadsworth E, Hammond D.
Drug and Alcohol Review 2023; 42(5):1142-1152.

2022

Consumer perceptions of legal cannabis products in Canada, 2019-2021: A repeat cross-sectional study.

Wadsworth E, Fataar F, Goodman S, Smith D, Renard J, Gabrys R, Jesseman R, Hammond D.
BMC Public Health 2022; 22(1):2048.

Trends and socio-demographic differences of cannabis vaping in the USA and Canada.

Lim C, Chan G, Wadsworth E, Stjepanović D, Chiu V, Cung JYC, Sun T, Conor J, Leung J, Gartner C, Hall W, Hammond D.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022; 19(21):14394.

Home cannabis cultivation in the United States and differences by state-level policy, 2019-2020.

Wadsworth E, Schauer GL, Hammond D.
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2022; 48(6):701-711.

Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cannabis use in Canada and the United States.

Wadsworth E, Goodman S, Hammond D.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2022; 55(4):483-492.

Trends in the use of cannabis products in Canada and the USA, 2018-2020: Findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study.

Hammond D, Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Freeman TP, Kilmer B, Schauer G, Pacula RL, Hall W.
International Journal of Drug Policy 2022;105:103716.

Reasons for purchasing cannabis from illegal sources in legal markets: Findings among cannabis consumers in Canada and U.S. states, 2019-2020.

Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Hammond D.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2022; 83(3):392-401.

Home cultivation across Canadian provinces after cannabis legalization.

Wadsworth E, Cristiano N, Pacheco K, Jesseman R, Hammond D.
Addictive Behaviors Reports 2022; 15:100423.

THC labelling on cannabis products: An experimental study of approaches for labelling THC servings on cannabis.

Goodman S, Hammond D.
Journal of Cannabis Research 2022; 4(1):17.

Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke in the United States and Canada in 2019.

Driezen P, Kaufman P, Chaiton M, Goodman S, Hammond D.
Preventive Medicine 2022;157:107006.

Prices and purchase sources for dried cannabis flower in the United States, 2019-2020.

Wadsworth E, Driezen P, Pacula RL, Kilmer B, Hammond D.
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2022; 8(5):923-932.

Perceptions of the health risks of cannabis: estimates from national surveys in Canada and the United States, 2018-2019.

Goodman S, Hammond D.
Health Education Research 2022; 37(2):61-78.

Legal status of recreational cannabis and self-reported substitution of cannabis for opioids or prescription pain medication in Canada and the United States.

Wadsworth E, Hines LA, Hammond D.
Substance Abuse 2022; 43(1):943-948.

Cannabis and Mental Health: Adverse Outcomes and Self-Reported Impact of Cannabis Use by Mental Health Status.

Rup J, Freeman T, Perlman CP, Hammond D.
Substance Use & Misuse 2022; 57(5):719-729.

Perceived access to cannabis and ease of purchasing cannabis in retail stores in Canada immediately before and one year after legalization.

Wadsworth E, Driezen P, Chan G, Hall W, Hammond D.
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2022;48(2):195-205.

Use and perceptions of cannabidiol (CBD) products in Canada and the USA.

Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Schauer G, Hammond D.
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2022; 7(3):355-364.

Prevalence and self-reported reasons of cannabis use for medical purposes in USA and Canada.

Leung J, Chan G, Stjepanović D, Chung JYC, Hall W, Hammond D.
Psychopharmacology 2022; 239(5): 1509-1519.

Do mandatory health warnings labels on consumer products increase recall of the health risks of cannabis?

Goodman S, Leos-Toro C, Hammond D.
Substance Use & Misuse 2022;57(4):569-580.

Cannabis flower prices and transitions to legal sources after legalization in Canada, 2019-2020.

Wadsworth E, Driezen P, Pacula RL, Hammond D.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2022; 231:109262.

2021

Influence of package colour, branding and health warnings on appeal and perceived harm of cannabis products among respondents in Canada and the US.

Goodman S, Rynard VL, Iraniparast M, Hammond D.
Preventive Medicine 2021; 153:106788.

Noticing of cannabis health warning labels in Canada and the US.

Goodman S, Hammond D.
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice 2021; 41(7/8):201-210.

Retail availability and legal purchases of dried flower in Canada post-legalization.

Wadsworth E, Driezen P, Hammond D.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence; 2021; 225:108794.

Cannabis and mental health: Prevalence of use and modes of cannabis administration by mental health status.

Rup J, Freeman T, Perlman C, Hammond D.
Addictive Behaviors; 2021; 121:106991.

2020

Cannabis use and driving under the influence: behaviors and attitudes by state-level legal sale of recreational cannabis.

Lensch T, Sloan K, Ausmus J, Pearson J, Clements-Nolle K, Goodman S, Hammond D.
Preventive Medicine 2020; 141:106320

Knowledge of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol levels among cannabis consumers in the United States and Canada.

Hammond D, Goodman S.
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2020; 7(3):345-354.

Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: adherence in Canada and the U.S.

Goodman S, Fischer B, Hammond D.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020; 59(6):e211−e220.

Consumer perceptions of ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ cannabis in US states with legal cannabis sales.

Fataar F, Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Hammond D.
Addictive Behaviors 2020; 112:106563.

Does unit-dose packaging influence understanding of serving size information for cannabis edibles?

Goodman S, Hammond D.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs 2020;81(2):173-179.

Cannabis advertising, promotion and branding: differences in consumer exposure between ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ markets in Canada and the US.

Rup J, Goodman S, Hammond D.
Preventive Medicine 2020; 133:106013.

Evaluating the impacts of cannabis legalization: the International Cannabis Policy Study.

Hammond D, Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Rynard V, Boudreau C, Hall W.
International Journal of Drug Policy 2020; 77:102698.

Prevalence and forms of cannabis use in legal vs. illegal recreational cannabis markets.

Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Leos Toro C, Hammond D.
International Journal of Drug Policy 2020; 67:102658.

Differences in self-reported cannabis prices across purchase source and quantity purchased among Canadians.

Wadsworth E, Dreizen P, Goodman S, Hammond D.
Addiction Research & Theory 2020; 28(6):474-483.

2019

The impact of plain packaging and health warnings on consumer appeal of cannabis products.

Goodman S, Leos-Toro C, Hammond D.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2019; Dec 1; 205:107633.

Out-of-state cannabis purchases in the United States.

Wadsworth E, Hammond D.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2019; 207:107822.